Status+of+African-Americans+in+the+1930s

1st hour- Jorge Chacon and Hunter Evans
Laws in the 1930s divided blacks and whites and made everything expensive because there had to be two of everything, one for the whites and one for the blacks. "Jim Crow Laws" notes that from the 1880's into the 1960's, the majority of that states in America impose segregation through "Jim Crow" laws. People from Delaware to California and from North Dakota to Texas, many states and cities could force legal punishment to people that had interactions with members of another race. The most common laws to keep blacks and whites apart from each other were the intermarriage and ordered business owners and public institutions. "Buses: All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races."

"Restaurants: It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher unless a separated entrance from the street is provided for each compartment." "Intermarriage: All marriages between a white person and a negro, or between a white person and a person of a negro descent, to the third generation, inclusive, or between a white person and a member of Malay race(intermix race); or between the negro and a member of the Malay race; or between a person of a Negro descent, to the third generation, inclusive, and a member of the Malay race, are forever prohibited, and shall be void." "Education: Separate rooms shall be provided for the teaching of pupils of African descent, and when said rooms are so provided, such pupils may not be admitted to the school rooms occupied and used by pupils of Caucasian or other descent." "Militia: The white and colored militia shall be separately enrolled, and shall never be compelled to serve in the same organization. Mo organization of colored troops shall be permitted where white troops are available, and while white permitted to be organized, colored troops shall be under the command of white officers." "Teaching: Any instructor who shall teach in any school, college or institution where members of the white and colored race are received and enrolled as pupils for instruction shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each offense." There were many rules and saws that consisted of whites and blacks to be separated and it all came down to the black having the least respect.


 * 3rd Hour- Tanner Matherly and Kenna Reynolds**



The **Jim Crow laws** were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated segrigation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "seperate but equal" status for Black Americans. In reality, this led to treatment and accommodations that were usually inferior to those provided for White Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms and restaurants for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated. These Jim Crow Laws were separate from the 1800-66 Black codes, which had also restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans. State-sponsored school segregation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Courts of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. the Board of Education. Generally, the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The K.K.K. The first Klan was founded in 1865 by Tennesee veterans of the Confederate Army. Groups spread throughout the South. Its purpose was to restore white supremacy in the aftermath of the American Civil War. The Klan resisted Reconstuction by assaulting, murdering and intimidating freedmen and African Ameicans.
 * Ku Klux Klan** (**KKK**), informally known as //The Klan//, is the name of several past and present hate group organizations in the United States whose avowed purpose was to protect the rights of and further the interests of white Americans by violence and intimidation. The first such organizations originated in the South Southern States and eventually grew to national scope. They developed iconic white costumes consisting of robes, masks, and conical hats. The KKK has a record of using terrorism, violence and lynching to murder and opress African Americans, Jews and other minoritiesand to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions.

Education In the 1930's According to eNotes.com, "American education in the 1930s was racially segregated. With few exceptions living patterns and customs led to segregated schools nationwide; in many places, especially in the South, segregation was the law. As African Americans were often the poorest members of communities, their neighborhood schools suffered from their inability to raise funds for teacher salaries and maintenance. African Americans were also unrepresented on most school boards and hence were unable to push for better funding for their schools." The average expenditure per pupil per year was eighty dollars; for African American students the average was fifteen. Nationally, more than 25 percent of all students were black, but they received only 12 percent of all education revenues and only 3 percent of funds budgeted for school transportation. Many white Americans including many professional educators embraced an ideology of Anglo-Saxon racial...


 * 4th Hour- Felicia Jones, Haylee James, and Dakota Stice.**

In the 1930s, there was countless days of racist remarks and rules towards African Americans. According to the Martian Luther King Jr National Historic Site, most of American states implemented segregation through the "Jim Crow" laws. These laws enforced segregation in all public facilities, with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. In reality, this led to treatment and accommodations that were usually inferior to those provided for white Americans, for example, *Nurses: No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which negro men are placed. *Restaurants: It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.
 * Barbers: No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls.
 * Parks: It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons...and unlawful for any white person to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons.



Education was hard to get if you were an African American. Money was in short supply for most families becasue it was during the time of the Great Depression. They couldnt provide their children with basic supplies needed for school: clothes, supplies, and textbooks.

*Reform Schools: The children of white and colored races committed to the houses of reform shall be kept entirely separate from each other. *Education: Separate schools shall be maintained for the children of the white and colored races.
 * Teaching: Any instructor who shall teach in any school, college or institution where members of the white and colored race are received and enrolled as pupils for instruction shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten dollars ($10.00) nor more than fifty dollars ($50.00) for each offense.

Living conditions were terrible and they lived in extreme poverty but most continued to work as servants, laborers, in dangerous areas, or as steel mill, railroad, coal mine and workers. Some were also peddlers or vendors on the streets.


 * 5th Hour- Sheriden LaBrecque, Meridith Corwin, Zac Turner 12/14/09**

According to The Encyclopedia Britannica, the **Scottsboro trial** was a very controversial incident in the 1930s. In this trial, nine young black boys were convicted of the rape of two white women by an all-white jury. All of the convicted, save the twelve year old were sentenced to death. The case was appealed and they were eventually granted freedom. (n.pag.) The Encyclopedia Britannica tells us that **lynching** is the form of brutality enacted upon a pariah(s) by a mob, often ending in the hanging of said pariah(s). Civil Rights struggles in the early 20th century America are most generally coupled with lynching. (n.pag.) The Encyclopedia Britannica also informs us that the **Ku Klux Klan** lost several members in the 1930s do to the depression. The KKK was a group of white nativists who strongly opposed all non-whites who were not protestants, with the exception of Native Americans. "The Klan" as it was so often called, lynched their opponents unmericifully. (n.pag.)


 * 6th Hour- Tyler Barnett and Shari Rial**

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the Scottsboro trail was over a crime that had never happened before it caused many trails, convictions, reversals, and retrials as did an aleged gang raped of two white girls by nine black teenagers on the southern railroad freight run from Chattanooga to Memphis on March 25, 1931. The Libary of Congress informs us that the Great Depression was tough on all Americans. African Americans were hit the hardest. By the time 1932 came half or over half African Americans were unemployed. In some of the Northern cities whites expected that if any white people were out of work blacks would be fired and their jobs be given to whites.

7th Hour Brittany Bradford and Brandon Dillon